Kwanza:
History and etymology
American
Maulana Karenga created Kwanzaa in 1966 during the aftermath of the Watts riots[2] as a specifically African-American holiday.[3][4] Karenga said his goal was to "give blacks an alternative to the existing holiday of Christmas and give blacks an opportunity to celebrate themselves and their history, rather than simply imitate the practice of the dominant society."
[5] For Karenga, a major figure in the Black Power movement of the 1960s and 1970s, the creation of such holidays also underscored the essential premise that "you must have a cultural revolution before the violent revolution. The cultural revolution gives identity, purpose, and direction."[6]
According to Karenga, the name Kwanzaa derives from the
Swahili phrase
matunda ya kwanza, meaning "first fruits".
[7] First fruits festivals exist in Southern Africa, celebrated in December/January with the
southern solstice, and Karenga was partly inspired by an account he read of the Zulu festival
Umkhosi Wokweshwama.
[8] It was decided to spell the holiday's name with an additional "a" so that it would have a symbolic seven letters.
[9]
During the early years of Kwanzaa, Karenga said it was meant to be an alternative to Christmas. He believed Jesus was psychotic and Christianity was a "White" religion that Black people should shun.[10] As Kwanzaa gained mainstream adherents, Karenga altered his position so practicing Christians would not be alienated, stating in the 1997 book
Kwanzaa: A Celebration of Family, Community, and Culture that "Kwanzaa was not created to give people an alternative to their own religion or religious holiday."
[11] Many African Americans who celebrate Kwanzaa do so in addition to observing Christmas.
[12]